To address this, the government has launched the Mission for Cotton Productivity, backed by an outlay of ₹5,659 crore. The target: raise yields to 755 kg per hectare by 2031, boosting annual production from 33.5 million bales to nearly 50 million. The mission tackles key challenges like erratic rainfall, pest attacks like pink bollworm, and climate stress, through better seeds, modern farming techniques such as the High Density Planting System, upgraded ginning factories, stronger testing infrastructure, and recycling cotton waste.Running across 140 districts in 14 states, the mission also strengthens branding via Kasturi Cotton Bharat, positioning Indian cotton as a premium global product. Linked to India’s 5F Vision Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign. the initiative aims to uplift farmers, energise textiles, and secure India’s place in the global cotton chain. Execution will decide if India can move from 40th to the top tier.